Abbreviations

Kindly type your abbreviations.

Abbreviation	Full Form
BBA	Bachelor of Business Administration
MBA	Master of Business Administration
BCA	Bachelor of Computer Applications
MCA	Master of Computer Applications
BTech	Bachelor of Technology
MTech	Master of Technology
BSc	Bachelor of Science
MSc	Master of Science
BA	Bachelor of Arts
MA	Master of Arts
BCom	Bachelor of Commerce
MCom	Master of Commerce
LLB	Bachelor of Laws
LLM	Master of Laws
BFA	Bachelor of Fine Arts
MFA	Master of Fine Arts
BHM	Bachelor of Hotel Management
MHM	Master of Hotel Management
BDS	Bachelor of Dental Surgery
MDS	Master of Dental Surgery
MBBS	Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
MD	Doctor of Medicine
BPT	Bachelor of Physiotherapy
MPT	Master of Physiotherapy
DPT	Doctor of Physical Therapy
BAS	Bachelor of Applied Science
MAS	Master of Applied Science
BEd	Bachelor of Education
MEd	Master of Education
D.Ed	Diploma in Education
PGD	Post Graduate Diploma
PGDBM	Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management
PGDM	Post Graduate Diploma in Management
PGDHRM	Post Graduate Diploma in Human Resource Management
BAM	Bachelor of Arts in Management
MAM	Master of Arts in Management
BFA	Bachelor of Fine Arts
MFA	Master of Fine Arts
DCA	Diploma in Computer Applications
PGDCA	Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Applications
BBA-LLB	Bachelor of Business Administration - Bachelor of Laws
LLB-MBA	Bachelor of Laws - Master of Business Administration
BPT	Bachelor of Physiotherapy
DPT	Doctor of Physical Therapy
BASc	Bachelor of Applied Science
MASc	Master of Applied Science
MFA	Master of Fine Arts
DBA	Doctor of Business Administration
BMT	Bachelor of Music Therapy
MMT	Master of Music Therapy
DPT	Doctor of Physical Therapy
BPH	Bachelor of Pharmacy
MPH	Master of Public Health
BNYS	Bachelor of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences
MScN	Master of Science in Nursing
BScN	Bachelor of Science in Nursing
DMLT	Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology
BMLT	Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology
BAMS	Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery
MDAY	Doctor of Ayurveda Medicine
M.Sc. in Biotech	Master of Science in Biotechnology
M.Sc. in Micro	Master of Science in Microbiology
M.Sc. in Chemistry	Master of Science in Chemistry
M.Sc. in Physics	Master of Science in Physics
M.Sc. in Maths	Master of Science in Mathematics
M.Sc. in Statistics	Master of Science in Statistics
B. Ed.	Bachelor of Education
M. Ed.	Master of Education
B. Tech. in CSE	Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science Engineering
M. Tech. in CSE	Master of Technology in Computer Science Engineering
B. Tech. in ECE	Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering
M. Tech. in ECE	Master of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering
B. Tech. in ME	Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering
M. Tech. in ME	Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering
B. Tech. in CE	Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering
M. Tech. in CE	Master of Technology in Civil Engineering
B. Tech. in AE	Bachelor of Technology in Aeronautical Engineering
M. Tech. in AE	Master of Technology in Aeronautical Engineering
B. Tech. in CE	Bachelor of Technology in Computer Engineering
M. Tech. in CE	Master of Technology in Computer Engineering
B. Tech. in IT	Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology
M. Tech. in IT	Master of Technology in Information Technology
M. Tech. in AI	Master of Technology in Artificial Intelligence
PhD	Doctor of Philosophy
DSc	Doctor of Science
D.Litt	Doctor of Letters
PharmD	Doctor of Pharmacy
M. Arch.	Master of Architecture
M. Plan.	Master of Planning
D. Arch.	Doctor of Architecture
D. Plan.	Doctor of Planning
CMA	Certified Management Accountant
CPA	Certified Public Accountant
CFA	Chartered Financial Analyst
CFP	Certified Financial Planner
CHRP	Certified Human Resources Professional
PMP	Project Management Professional
PMI-ACP	PMI Agile Certified Practitioner
CSM	Certified ScrumMaster
CISSP	Certified Information Systems Security Professional
CCNA	Cisco Certified Network Associate
CCNP	Cisco Certified Network Professional
CEH	Certified Ethical Hacker
CISA	Certified Information Systems Auditor
CDM	Certified Digital Marketing
CDA	Certified Dental Assistant
CPR	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CMA	Certified Management Accountant
GMAT	Graduate Management Admission Test
GRE	Graduate Record Examination
LSAT	Law School Admission Test
SAT	Scholastic Assessment Test
TOEFL	Test of English as a Foreign Language
IELTS	International English Language Testing System
ACT	American College Test
MCAT	Medical College Admission Test
NDA	National Defence Academy
JEE	Joint Entrance Examination
NEET	National Eligibility cum Entrance Test
GATE	Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
CAT	Common Admission Test
MAT	Management Aptitude Test
XAT	Xavier Aptitude Test
SNAP	Symbiosis National Aptitude Test
CET	Common Entrance Test
SAT	Scholastic Assessment Test
CISSP	Certified Information Systems Security Professional
CCSP	Certified Cloud Security Professional
CCNA	Cisco Certified Network Associate
CCNP	Cisco Certified Network Professional
AWS	Amazon Web Services
HTML	HyperText Markup Language
CSS	Cascading Style Sheets
PHP	PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
SQL	Structured Query Language
RPA	Robotic Process Automation
AI	Artificial Intelligence
ML	Machine Learning
IoT	Internet of Things
AR	Augmented Reality
VR	Virtual Reality
UX	User Experience
UI	User Interface
IoT	Internet of Things
AI	Artificial Intelligence
API	Application Programming Interface
BI	Business Intelligence
BPM	Business Process Management
B2B	Business to Business
B2C	Business to Consumer
CaaS	Container as a Service
CC	Cloud Computing
CDN	Content Delivery Network
CIO	Chief Information Officer
CRM	Customer Relationship Management
DDoS	Distributed Denial of Service
DevOps	Development and Operations
DNS	Domain Name System
ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
FTP	File Transfer Protocol
GDPR	General Data Protection Regulation
GUI	Graphical User Interface
HCI	Human-Computer Interaction
IaaS	Infrastructure as a Service
IoT	Internet of Things
ITIL	Information Technology Infrastructure Library
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
LAN	Local Area Network
ML	Machine Learning
NLP	Natural Language Processing
PaaS	Platform as a Service
RPA	Robotic Process Automation
SaaS	Software as a Service
SDK	Software Development Kit
SEO	Search Engine Optimization
SIP	Session Initiation Protocol
SQL	Structured Query Language
TLS	Transport Layer Security
URL	Uniform Resource Locator
VPN	Virtual Private Network
WAN	Wide Area Network
XML	Extensible Markup Language
YAML	YAML Ain't Markup Language
RDBMS	Relational Database Management System
CI/CD	Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment
UAT	User Acceptance Testing
WLAN	Wireless Local Area Network
PIM	Product Information Management
SCM	Supply Chain Management
EHR	Electronic Health Record
EMR	Electronic Medical Record
RDP	Remote Desktop Protocol
SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
ITSM	IT Service Management
SIEM	Security Information and Event Management
DLP	Data Loss Prevention
IAM	Identity and Access Management
MFA	Multi-Factor Authentication
PIV	Personal Identity Verification
SSO	Single Sign-On
SOA	Service-Oriented Architecture
SLA	Service Level Agreement
TCO	Total Cost of Ownership
VPS	Virtual Private Server
WAF	Web Application Firewall
XDR	Extended Detection and Response
ZTA	Zero Trust Architecture
FaaS	Function as a Service
GRC	Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance
HCI	Hyper-Converged Infrastructure
NaaS	Network as a Service
QAM	Quality Assurance Management
SDA	Software-Defined Access
TDD	Test-Driven Development
UX	User Experience
VR	Virtual Reality
AR	Augmented Reality
WIFI	Wireless Fidelity
XaaS	Anything as a Service
Y2K	Year 2000
ZIGBEE	Wireless Communication Standard
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid
ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate
H2O	Water (Dihydrogen Monoxide)
CO2	Carbon Dioxide
N2	Nitrogen
O2	Oxygen
pH	Potential of Hydrogen
Kg	Kilogram
m/s	Meters per Second
SI	International System of Units
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA	Ribonucleic Acid
CO2	Carbon Dioxide
H2O	Water
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
WHO	World Health Organization
UN	United Nations
USA	United States of America
EU	European Union
LCD	Liquid Crystal Display
LED	Light Emitting Diode
PDF	Portable Document Format
HTTP	Hypertext Transfer Protocol
FTP	File Transfer Protocol
IP	Internet Protocol
ISP	Internet Service Provider
WWW	World Wide Web
AI	Artificial Intelligence
VR	Virtual Reality
AR	Augmented Reality
QR	Quick Response
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OPEC	Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
FIFA	Fédération Internationale de Football Association
NBA	National Basketball Association
NHL	National Hockey League
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
BCE	Before Common Era
CE	Common Era
BC	Before Christ
AD	Anno Domini
PST	Pacific Standard Time
EST	Eastern Standard Time
GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
UTC	Coordinated Universal Time
ML	Machine Learning
USB	Universal Serial Bus
GPS	Global Positioning System
SME	Small and Medium Enterprises
CEO	Chief Executive Officer
CFO	Chief Financial Officer
CTO	Chief Technology Officer
COO	Chief Operating Officer
HR	Human Resources
R&D	Research and Development
SaaS	Software as a Service
PaaS	Platform as a Service
IaaS	Infrastructure as a Service
BYOD	Bring Your Own Device
CCTV	Closed-Circuit Television
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
ROI	Return on Investment
B2B	Business to Business
B2C	Business to Consumer
C2C	Consumer to Consumer
BPM	Business Process Management
CRM	Customer Relationship Management
ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
SCM	Supply Chain Management
PPC	Pay Per Click
SEO	Search Engine Optimization
SEM	Search Engine Marketing
SMM	Social Media Marketing
DM	Digital Marketing
SSL	Secure Sockets Layer
VPN	Virtual Private Network
DDoS	Distributed Denial of Service
SQL	Structured Query Language
NoSQL	Not Only SQL
XML	Extensible Markup Language
CSS	Cascading Style Sheets
JDK	Java Development Kit
JRE	Java Runtime Environment
API	Application Programming Interface
SDK	Software Development Kit
UI	User Interface
UX	User Experience
IoT	Internet of Things
NFT	Non-Fungible Token
DApp	Decentralized Application
KYC	Know Your Customer
AML	Anti-Money Laundering
FATF	Financial Action Task Force
SWIFT	Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
IPO	Initial Public Offering
M&A	Mergers and Acquisitions
V2V	Vehicle to Vehicle
V2I	Vehicle to Infrastructure
V2X	Vehicle to Everything
P2P	Peer to Peer
SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
TBA	To Be Announced
TBD	To Be Determined
FYI	For Your Information
BRB	Be Right Back
LOL	Laugh Out Loud
OMG	Oh My God
FYI	For Your Information
TMI	Too Much Information
YOLO	You Only Live Once
FOMO	Fear of Missing Out
BFF	Best Friends Forever
NSFW	Not Safe For Work
IDK	I Don't Know
TL;DR	Too Long; Didn't Read
ICU	I See You
Bae	Before Anyone Else
WIP	Work In Progress
RIP	Rest In Peace
SMH	Shaking My Head
TL;DR	Too Long; Didn't Read
R&R	Rest and Relaxation
TBD	To Be Determined
B2G	Business to Government
C2B	Consumer to Business
DVR	Digital Video Recorder
GPRS	General Packet Radio Service
WLAN	Wireless Local Area Network
LAN	Local Area Network
WAN	Wide Area Network
DNS	Domain Name System
DHCP	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
NAT	Network Address Translation
ICMP	Internet Control Message Protocol
VLAN	Virtual Local Area Network
SIP	Session Initiation Protocol
VOIP	Voice Over Internet Protocol
MPLS	Multiprotocol Label Switching
SDN	Software-Defined Networking
K8s	Kubernetes
RPA	Robotic Process Automation
CI/CD	Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment
GDPR	General Data Protection Regulation
CCPA	California Consumer Privacy Act
NLP	Natural Language Processing
ML	Machine Learning
DL	Deep Learning
GAM	Generalized Additive Model
NN	Neural Network
API	Application Programming Interface
KNN	K-Nearest Neighbors
SVM	Support Vector Machine
PCA	Principal Component Analysis
ROC	Receiver Operating Characteristic
AUC	Area Under the Curve
RNN	Recurrent Neural Network
LSTM	Long Short-Term Memory
GAN	Generative Adversarial Network
CRISPR	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
AA	Alcoholics Anonymous
ABCs	American Born Confused
AIDS	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AI	Artificial Intelligence
ATM	Automated Teller Machine
B2B	Business to Business
B2C	Business to Consumer
CAD	Computer-Aided Design
CEO	Chief Executive Officer
CFO	Chief Financial Officer
CIO	Chief Information Officer
CPT	Current Procedural Terminology
DIY	Do It Yourself
DNS	Domain Name System
DVR	Digital Video Recorder
EHR	Electronic Health Record
E-commerce	Electronic Commerce
FAQ	Frequently Asked Questions
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
GPS	Global Positioning System
HTTP	Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HR	Human Resources
HTTPS	Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
ICU	Intensive Care Unit
IMAP	Internet Message Access Protocol
IP	Internet Protocol
IT	Information Technology
JPEG	Joint Photographic Experts Group
LAN	Local Area Network
LCD	Liquid Crystal Display
MBA	Master of Business Administration
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NFC	Near Field Communication
OS	Operating System
PDF	Portable Document Format
POV	Point of View
RAM	Random Access Memory
R&D	Research and Development
SEO	Search Engine Optimization
SMS	Short Message Service
SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
SQL	Structured Query Language
SSL	Secure Sockets Layer
TBA	To Be Announced
TBD	To Be Determined
URL	Uniform Resource Locator
USB	Universal Serial Bus
VPN	Virtual Private Network
WWW	World Wide Web
XML	eXtensible Markup Language
YTD	Year To Date
ZIF	Zero Insertion Force
AA	Alcoholics Anonymous
ABBA	Agnetha, Björn, Benny, Anni-Frid (Band)
AC/DC	Alternating Current/Direct Current
ADHD	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
AI	Artificial Intelligence
ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Interchange
B2B	Business to Business
B2C	Business to Consumer
BFF	Best Friends Forever
BIM	Building Information Modeling
CAD	Computer-Aided Design
CEO	Chief Executive Officer
CERN	European Organization for Nuclear Research
CFO	Chief Financial Officer
CIA	Central Intelligence Agency
CIO	Chief Information Officer
CRUD	Create, Read, Update, Delete
DOL	Department of Labor
DIY	Do It Yourself
EHR	Electronic Health Record
E-commerce	Electronic Commerce
EMT	Emergency Medical Technician
FAQ	Frequently Asked Questions
FOMO	Fear of Missing Out
GIF	Graphics Interchange Format
GPS	Global Positioning System
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HTTP	Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS	Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
IBM	International Business Machines
ICU	Intensive Care Unit
IP	Internet Protocol
IT	Information Technology
JPEG	Joint Photographic Experts Group
LAN	Local Area Network
LGBTQ	Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer
MVP	Minimum Viable Product
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OCD	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
PDF	Portable Document Format
PIN	Personal Identification Number
RAM	Random Access Memory
RPG	Role-Playing Game
SaaS	Software as a Service
SEO	Search Engine Optimization
SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
SQL	Structured Query Language
SUV	Sport Utility Vehicle
TBA	To Be Announced
TMI	Too Much Information
UFO	Unidentified Flying Object
USB	Universal Serial Bus
VIP	Very Important Person
VPN	Virtual Private Network
WIFI	Wireless Fidelity
XML	eXtensible Markup Language
YTD	Year To Date
ZIP	Zone Improvement Plan
AAA	American Automobile Association
AED	Automated External Defibrillator
AGM	Annual General Meeting
AI	Artificial Intelligence
ASAP	As Soon As Possible
BIM	Building Information Modeling
BPO	Business Process Outsourcing
CAD	Computer-Aided Design
CBT	Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
CCTV	Closed-Circuit Television
CPO	Chief Product Officer
CRM	Customer Relationship Management
CSS	Cascading Style Sheets
DAC	Digital-to-Analog Converter
DBMS	Database Management System
DEI	Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
DHS	Department of Homeland Security
DM	Direct Message
DNS	Domain Name System
DDoS	Distributed Denial of Service
DRM	Digital Rights Management
DVD	Digital Versatile Disc
EDU	Education
EHR	Electronic Health Record
EMR	Electronic Medical Record
ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
ESG	Environmental, Social, and Governance
FBI	Federal Bureau of Investigation
FOMO	Fear of Missing Out
GAAP	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GPA	Grade Point Average
GUI	Graphical User Interface
HCI	Human-Computer Interaction
HR	Human Resources
HTTPS	Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
IA	Information Architecture
IBR	In-Band Ranging
IG	Instagram
IoT	Internet of Things
ISO	International Organization for Standardization
IVF	In Vitro Fertilization
JIT	Just in Time
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
LMS	Learning Management System
ML	Machine Learning
NLP	Natural Language Processing
OOP	Object-Oriented Programming
PaaS	Platform as a Service
PTO	Paid Time Off
QA	Quality Assurance
QR	Quick Response
R&D	Research and Development
SaaS	Software as a Service
SME	Small and Medium Enterprises
TBA	To Be Announced
UAT	User Acceptance Testing
VFX	Visual Effects
WMS	Warehouse Management System
XLS	Excel Spreadsheet
YTD	Year To Date
ZPA	Zero Point Assessment
AF	Afghanistan
AL	Albania
DZ	Algeria
AS	American Samoa
AD	Andorra
AO	Angola
AI	Anguilla
AQ	Antarctica
AG	Antigua and Barbuda
AR	Argentina
AM	Armenia
AW	Aruba
AU	Australia
AT	Austria
AZ	Azerbaijan
BS	Bahamas
BH	Bahrain
BD	Bangladesh
BB	Barbados
BY	Belarus
BE	Belgium
BZ	Belize
BJ	Benin
BM	Bermuda
BT	Bhutan
BO	Bolivia
BQ	Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
BA	Bosnia and Herzegovina
BW	Botswana
BR	Brazil
IO	British Indian Ocean Territory
BN	Brunei
BG	Bulgaria
BF	Burkina Faso
BI	Burundi
CV	Cabo Verde
KH	Cambodia
CM	Cameroon
CA	Canada
KY	Cayman Islands
CF	Central African Republic
TD	Chad
CL	Chile
CN	China
CX	Christmas Island
CC	Cocos (Keeling) Islands
CO	Colombia
KM	Comoros
CD	Congo, Democratic Republic of the
CG	Congo, Republic of the
CK	Cook Islands
CR	Costa Rica
HR	Croatia
CU	Cuba
CW	Curaçao
CY	Cyprus
CZ	Czech Republic
DK	Denmark
DJ	Djibouti
DM	Dominica
DO	Dominican Republic
EC	Ecuador
EG	Egypt
SV	El Salvador
GQ	Equatorial Guinea
ER	Eritrea
EE	Estonia
SZ	Eswatini
ET	Ethiopia
FK	Falkland Islands
FO	Faroe Islands
FJ	Fiji
FI	Finland
FR	France
GF	French Guiana
PF	French Polynesia
TF	French Southern Territories
GA	Gabon
GM	Gambia
GE	Georgia
DE	Germany
GH	Ghana
GI	Gibraltar
GR	Greece
GL	Greenland
GD	Grenada
GP	Guadeloupe
GU	Guam
GT	Guatemala
GG	Guernsey
GN	Guinea
GW	Guinea-Bissau
GY	Guyana
HT	Haiti
HM	Heard Island and McDonald Islands
VA	Holy See
HN	Honduras
HK	Hong Kong
HU	Hungary
IS	Iceland
IN	India
ID	Indonesia
IR	Iran
IQ	Iraq
IE	Ireland
IM	Isle of Man
IL	Israel
IT	Italy
JM	Jamaica
JP	Japan
JE	Jersey
JO	Jordan
KZ	Kazakhstan
KE	Kenya
KI	Kiribati
KP	Korea, North
KR	Korea, South
KW	Kuwait
KG	Kyrgyzstan
LA	Laos
LV	Latvia
LB	Lebanon
LS	Lesotho
LR	Liberia
LY	Libya
LI	Liechtenstein
LT	Lithuania
LU	Luxembourg
MO	Macao
MG	Madagascar
MW	Malawi
MY	Malaysia
MV	Maldives
ML	Mali
MT	Malta
MH	Marshall Islands
MQ	Martinique
MR	Mauritania
MU	Mauritius
YT	Mayotte
MX	Mexico
FM	Micronesia
MD	Moldova
MC	Monaco
MN	Mongolia
ME	Montenegro
MS	Montserrat
MA	Morocco
MZ	Mozambique
MM	Myanmar
NA	Namibia
NR	Nauru
NP	Nepal
NL	Netherlands
NC	New Cal edonia
NZ	New Zealand
NI	Nicaragua
NE	Niger
NG	Nigeria
NU	Niue
NF	Norfolk Island
MK	North Macedonia
MP	Northern Mariana Islands
NO	Norway
OM	Oman
PK	Pakistan
PW	Palau
PS	Palestinian Territory
PA	Panama
PG	Papua New Guinea
PY	Paraguay
PE	Peru
PH	Philippines
PN	Pitcairn Islands
PL	Poland
PT	Portugal
PR	Puerto Rico
QA	Qatar
RE	Réunion
RO	Romania
RU	Russia
RW	Rwanda
BL	Saint Barthélemy
SH	Saint Helena
KN	Saint Kitts and Nevis
LC	Saint Lucia
MF	Saint Martin
SX	Saint Maarten
PM	Saint Pierre and Miquelon
VC	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
WS	Samoa
SM	San Marino
ST	Sao Tome and Principe
SA	Saudi Arabia
SN	Senegal
RS	Serbia
SC	Seychelles
SL	Sierra Leone
SG	Singapore
SK	Slovakia
SI	Slovenia
SB	Solomon Islands
SO	Somalia
ZA	South Africa
GS	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
SS	South Sudan
ES	Spain
LK	Sri Lanka
SD	Sudan
SR	Suriname
SJ	Svalbard and Jan Mayen
SE	Sweden
CH	Switzerland
SY	Syria
TW	Taiwan
TJ	Tajikistan
TZ	Tanzania
TH	Thailand
TL	Timor-Leste
TG	Togo
TK	Tokelau
TO	Tonga
TT	Trinidad and Tobago
TN	Tunisia
TR	Turkey
TM	Turkmenistan
TC	Turks and Caicos Islands
TV	Tuvalu
UG	Uganda
UA	Ukraine
AE	United Arab Emirates
GB	United Kingdom
US	United States
UY	Uruguay
UZ	Uzbekistan
VU	Vanuatu
VE	Venezuela
VN	Vietnam
WF	Wallis and Futuna
EH	Western Sahara
YE	Yemen
ZM	Zambia
ZW	Zimbabwe
AIDS	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
ALP	Alkaline Phosphatase
AMI	Acute Myocardial Infarction
ANOVA	Analysis of Variance
AP	Anterior-Posterior
AROM	Active Range of Motion
AST	Aspartate Aminotransferase
BUN	Blood Urea Nitrogen
CAD	Coronary Artery Disease
CBC	Complete Blood Count
CCU	Coronary Care Unit
CHF	Congestive Heart Failure
COPD	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CT	Computed Tomography
DNR	Do Not Resuscitate
ECG	Electrocardiogram
ED	Emergency Department
EMT	Emergency Medical Technician
ER	Emergency Room
FBS	Fasting Blood Sugar
GA	General Anesthesia
GI	Gastrointestinal
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
ICU	Intensive Care Unit
IM	Intramuscular
IV	Intravenous
LFT	Liver Function Test
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NP	Nurse Practitioner
OT	Occupational Therapy
PA	Physician Assistant
PFT	Pulmonary Function Test
PT	Physical Therapy
RBC	Red Blood Cell
SOB	Shortness of Breath
TBI	Traumatic Brain Injury
UTI	Urinary Tract Infection
WBC	White Blood Cell
XR	X-Ray
ABG	Arterial Blood Gas
ACE	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
AHA	American Heart Association
AKI	Acute Kidney Injury
ARF	Acute Renal Failure
BLS	Basic Life Support
BRCA	BReast CAncer gene
CVA	Cerebrovascular Accident
DVT	Deep Vein Thrombosis
EBM	Evidence-Based Medicine
FHT	Fetal Heart Tones
GBS	Group B Streptococcus
HCT	Hematocrit
Hgb	Hemoglobin
ICD	International Classification of Diseases
JVD	Jugular Venous Distension
KUB	Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (X-ray)
LABA	Long-Acting Beta Agonist
MI	Myocardial Infarction
NPO	Nil Per Os (nothing by mouth)
NSAID	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
PACU	Post Anesthesia Care Unit
PE	Pulmonary Embolism
PNA	Pneumonia
PO	Per Os (by mouth)
RDS	Respiratory Distress Syndrome
RSV	Respiratory Syncytial Virus
SIDS	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
SLE	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
STD	Sexually Transmitted Disease
TIA	Transient Ischemic Attack
TSH	Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
U/A	Urinalysis
WNL	Within Normal Limits
Z-score	Standard Score
ABC	Airway, Breathing, Circulation
ACL	Anterior Cruciate Ligament
ADD	Attention Deficit Disorder
ADHD	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
AED	Automated External Defibrillator
AF	Atrial Fibrillation
AG	Antigen
AL	Allergic
AMA	Against Medical Advice
AN	Aneurysm
APGAR	Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
AR	Aortic Regurgitation
AS	Aortic Stenosis
ATN	Acute Tubular Necrosis
BPH	Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
BP	Blood Pressure
CAD	Coronary Artery Disease
CBC	Complete Blood Count
CC	Chief Complaint
CFS	Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
CNS	Central Nervous System
COPD	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CP	Chest Pain
CPR	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CT	Computed Tomography
DIC	Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
DM	Diabetes Mellitus
DVT	Deep Vein Thrombosis
EBV	Epstein-Barr Virus
ECG	Electrocardiogram
EEG	Electroencephalogram
EMT	Emergency Medical Technician
ERCP	Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
ESRD	End-Stage Renal Disease
FHR	Fetal Heart Rate
GFR	Glomerular Filtration Rate
GI	Gastrointestinal
GTT	Glucose Tolerance Test
HCT	Hematocrit
Hgb	Hemoglobin
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HTN	Hypertension
IA	Intra-Arterial
ICU	Intensive Care Unit
IM	Intramuscular
IV	Intravenous
LABA	Long-Acting Beta Agonist
LDL	Low-Density Lipoprotein
LFT	Liver Function Test
MI	Myocardial Infarction
MRSA	Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
MS	Multiple Sclerosis
NPO	Nil Per Os (nothing by mouth)
NSAID	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
O2	Oxygen
PA	Physician Assistant
PFT	Pulmonary Function Test
PT	Physical Therapy
RA	Rheumatoid Arthritis
RBC	Red Blood Cell
RDS	Respiratory Distress Syndrome
RT	Respiratory Therapist
SBA	Small Bowel Obstruction
SLE	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
SOB	Shortness of Breath
TBI	Traumatic Brain Injury
TID	Three Times a Day
TSS	Toxic Shock Syndrome
TSH	Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
U/A	Urinalysis
URI	Upper Respiratory Infection
UTI	Urinary Tract Infection
WBC	White Blood Cell
WNL	Within Normal Limits
XR	X-ray
A/B	A/B Testing
A/R	Accounts Receivable
A/P	Accounts Payable
B2B	Business to Business
B2C	Business to Consumer
CAC	Customer Acquisition Cost
CAGR	Compound Annual Growth Rate
CFO	Chief Financial Officer
CEO	Chief Executive Officer
COO	Chief Operating Officer
CRM	Customer Relationship Management
EBIT	Earnings Before Interest and Taxes
EBITDA	Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization
GAAP	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
IPO	Initial Public Offering
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
M&A	Mergers and Acquisitions
NDA	Non-Disclosure Agreement
P&L	Profit and Loss
R&D	Research and Development
ROI	Return on Investment
SaaS	Software as a Service
SME	Small and Medium Enterprises
SWOT	Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
TQM	Total Quality Management
USP	Unique Selling Proposition
VAT	Value Added Tax
WIP	Work in Progress
BOM	Bill of Materials
CRM	Customer Relationship Management
DCA	Dollar-Cost Averaging
DPO	Days Payable Outstanding
EOL	End of Life
FTE	Full-Time Equivalent
GTM	Go To Market
HCM	Human Capital Management
ILM	Information Lifecycle Management
JIT	Just In Time
KYC	Know Your Customer
LBO	Leveraged Buyout
MBO	Management Buyout
NPS	Net Promoter Score
OEM	Original Equipment Manufacturer
PPC	Pay Per Click
RFP	Request for Proposal
SLA	Service Level Agreement
TCO	Total Cost of Ownership
UI	User Interface
UX	User Experience
WACC	Weighted Average Cost of Capital
YTD	Year To Date
BPR	Business Process Reengineering
BOM	Bill of Materials
CPO	Chief Product Officer
CRO	Chief Revenue Officer
DSO	Days Sales Outstanding
FBA	Fulfilled By Amazon
G&A	General and Administrative
HRA	Human Resource Administration
IP	Intellectual Property
JPM	Joint Probability Model
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
LTV	Lifetime Value
MPS	Managed Print Services
NDA	Non-Disclosure Agreement
OM	Operations Management
PMI	Project Management Institute
Q1	First Quarter
Q2	Second Quarter
Q3	Third Quarter
Q4	Fourth Quarter
R&D	Research and Development
SCM	Supply Chain Management
TBA	To Be Announced
UAT	User Acceptance Testing
VC	Venture Capital
WMS	Warehouse Management System
ZBB	Zero-Based Budgeting
CFO	Chief Financial Officer
CPO	Chief Product Officer
CRO	Chief Revenue Officer
DSO	Days Sales Outstanding
FBA	Fulfilled By Amazon
G&A	General and Administrative
HRA	Human Resource Administration
IP	Intellectual Property
JPM	Joint Probability Model
LTV	Lifetime Value
MPS	Managed Print Services
NDA	Non-Disclosure Agreement
OM	Operations Management
PMI	Project Management Institute
RFP	Request for Proposal
SCM	Supply Chain Management
TBA	To Be Announced
UAT	User Acceptance Testing
VC	Venture Capital
WMS	Warehouse Management System
ZBB	Zero-Based Budgeting
AIDS	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA	Ribonucleic Acid
ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate
pH	Potential of Hydrogen
PCR	Polymerase Chain Reaction
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
RNAi	RNA Interference
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
UV	Ultraviolet
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
FMRI	Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CT	Computed Tomography
XRD	X-Ray Diffraction
SARS	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
MERS	Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
GWAS	Genome-Wide Association Study
CRISPR	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
BMR	Basal Metabolic Rate
BMI	Body Mass Index
STEM	Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
MHC	Major Histocompatibility Complex
FACS	Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
HPLC	High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
LC-MS	Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
TLC	Thin Layer Chromatography
NADH	Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Reduced)
NAD+	Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Oxidized)
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
RBP	Retinol Binding Protein
H2O	Water
NaCl	Sodium Chloride
CaCO3	Calcium Carbonate
Fe	Iron
Mg	Magnesium
K	Potassium
Li	Lithium
Cu	Copper
Zn	Zinc
Ag	Silver
Au	Gold
p53	Tumor Protein p53
NF-kB	Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
IL	Interleukin
TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor
IFN	Interferon
FCS	Fetal Calf Serum
BSA	Bovine Serum Albumin
PBS	Phosphate Buffered Saline
DMSO	Dimethyl Sulfoxide
EDTA	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate
BCA	Bicinchoninic Acid
cDNA	Complementary DNA
mRNA	Messenger RNA
siRNA	Small Interfering RNA
gRNA	Guide RNA
SDS-PAGE	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
ELISA	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
WB	Western Blot
RFLP	Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
qPCR	Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
GWAS	Genome-Wide Association Study
SNP	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
HLA	Human Leukocyte Antigen
RBC	Red Blood Cell
WBC	White Blood Cell
TCR	T Cell Receptor
BCR	B Cell Receptor
NADPH	Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (Reduced)
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
pKa	Acid Dissociation Constant
pKb	Base Dissociation Constant
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
TLR	Toll-Like Receptor
NFAT	Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells
CREB	cAMP Response Element Binding Protein
MAPK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
PKA	Protein Kinase A
PKC	Protein Kinase C
AMPK	AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
HIF	Hypoxia-Inducible Factor
TLR	Toll-Like Receptor
JAK	Janus Kinase
STAT	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
GAP	GTPase-Activating Protein
GEF	Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
Ras	RAt Sarcoma
Rho	Ras Homolog
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
mTOR	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
FBS	Fetal Bovine Serum
TGF	Transforming Growth Factor
EGF	Epidermal Growth Factor
PDGF	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-10	Interleukin-10
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 Beta
COX	Cyclooxygenase
LOX	Lipoxygenase
NO	Nitric Oxide
cAMP	Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
cGMP	Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
AMP	Adenosine Monophosphate
GTP	Guanosine Triphosphate
cGMP	Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
PKB	Protein Kinase B
TGF-β	Transforming Growth Factor Beta
GSK3	Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
S6K	S6 Kinase
AMPA	Alpha-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic Acid
NMDA	N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
GABA	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
DOPA	Dihydroxyphenylalanine
DA	Dopamine
5-HT	5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin)
NE	Norepinephrine
EPI	Epinephrine
CNS	Central Nervous System
PNS	Peripheral Nervous System
GIT	Gastrointestinal Tract
GI	Gastrointestinal
RBC	Red Blood Cell
WBC	White Blood Cell
BCE	Before Common Era
CE	Common Era
AD	Anno Domini
BC	Before Christ
WGS	Whole Genome Sequencing
NGS	Next-Generation Sequencing
RNA-Seq	RNA Sequencing
ATAC-Seq	Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing
ChIP-Seq	Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing
MeDIP-Seq	Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing
Methyl-Seq	Methylation Sequencing
DNase-Seq	DNase I hypersensitivity sequencing
SNP-Seq	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Sequencing
CRISPR-Cas9	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated Protein 9
HGT	Horizontal Gene Transfer
CSF	Cerebrospinal Fluid
CT	Computed Tomography
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PET	Positron Emission Tomography
CTD	Computed Tomography Dose
PCR	Polymerase Chain Reaction
rRNA	Ribosomal RNA
tRNA	Transfer RNA
mRNA	Messenger RNA
sRNA	Small RNA
lncRNA	Long Non-Coding RNA
miRNA	MicroRNA
snRNA	Small Nuclear RNA
siRNA	Small Interfering RNA